ࡱ > b e a [ 0 S bjbj :\ ΐ ΐ ^ 8 ' l e, ' ' ' ' ' + + + + + + + $ y/ 2 > + ] + ' ' , ' ' + + r ( T ) ' J0[ 8 $) + 5, 0 e, 2) Y2 Y2 ) Y2 ) 0 " + G e + + e, Y2 : U n i v e r s i t y o f B a g h d a d C o l l a g e o f V e t e r i n a r y M e d i c i n e / U n i v e r s i t y o f B a g h d a d C o l l e g e N a m e 'DA3D,) H'D'/HJ) D e p a r t m e n t 1'HJG 4'C1 E-E/ 'D-3JFJ F u l l N a m e a s w r i t t e n i n P a s s p o r t e - m a i l ( ) P r o f e s s o r ( ) A s s i s t a n t P r o f e s s o r ( ) L e c t u r e r ( ) A s s i s t a n t L e c t u r e r C a r e e r ( ) P h D ( " ) M a s t e r *#+J1 AJ*'EJF GG H'DAD'AHFHJ/'* 'DE3*.D5) EF (0H1 'D-() 'D3H/'! AJ *-3JF *DA 'DC(/ H'DCDJ*JF 'DE3*-/+ AJ 0CH1 'D,10'F 'DF'6,) 'DE9'ED) (F*1'* 'D5H/JHE T h e s i s T i t l e 2 0 1 1 Y e a r S u m m a r y T h i s s t u d y w a s d e s i g n e d t o i n v e s t i g a t e p o s s i b l e p r e v e n t i v e r o l e o f v i t a m i n E a n d f l a v o n o i d e x t r a c t e d f r o m N i g e l l a s a t i v a s e e d s a g a i n s t t h e d e l e t e r i o u s e f f e c t s o f sodium nitrate as oxidant agent on hepatic and renal function of adult male rats . Forty adult male rats aged 200-250gm and weighted 2.5-3 months were randomly assigned into 4 equal groups and treated daily for 84 days as follows: first group were drenched drinking water , serving as control (group C), second group (T1) were intubated orally with sodium nitrate (30mg/kg. B.W.) , third group (T2) were intubated orally with sodium nitrate (30mg/kg. B.W) and vit. E( 40 mg/Kg B.W.) orally, while fourth group (T3) were orally intubated with sodium nitrate (30mg/kg. B.W) and flavonoids extracted from Nigella sativa seeds (50mg / Kg. B.W) Blood samples were collected at 0, 21, 42, 63 and 84 days of experiment to assess: Serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphtase activity (ALP),Total serum protein (TSP),serum billirubin, serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum glutathione (GSH) concentration, as well as hemoglobin concentration. Serum proteins of treated animals was subjected to electrical migration using agarose gel electrophoresis. Besides, section from liver and kidney were subjected for histopathogical study. The results revealed that oral intubation of 30mg/kg. B.W sodium nitrate (T1 group) for 84 days caused hepatic damage manifested by significant increase (p<0.05) in ALT and ALP activities, and bilirubin concentration, with significant decrease(p<0.05) in TSP and GSH concentration, as well as renal damage manifested by significant increase in serum creatinine and (BUN) concentration. Significant decrease in hemoglobin concentration was also determined. On the other hand, the protective role of vitamin E and flavonoids extracted from Nigella Sativa was clarified in groupsT2 and T3 respectively including correction of hepatic and renal damage manifested by significant(p<0.05)depression in ALT and ALP activities and bilirubin concentration, as well as significant (p<0.05) elevation in TSP and serum GSH concentration , in addition to significant (p<0.05) d e p r e s s i o n i n s e r u m c r e a t i n i n e a n d ( B U N ) c o n c e n t r a t i o n . H e m o g l o b i n c o n c e n t r a t i o n w e r e p o s i t i v e l y c h a n g e d . C o n c e r n i n g P r o t e i n e l e c t r o p h o r e s i s a d e c r e a s e i n f r a c t i o n % o f a l b u m i n a n d 2 - g l o b u l i n w e r e o b s e r v e d a f t e r s o d i u m n i t r a t e t r e a t m e n t ( T 1 ) , w h i l e vitamin E or flavonoids of Nigella sativa seeds intubation (T2,T3) caused elevation in these two fractions % , in addition to restoring the values of other protein fractions near that of control . Histopathological sections of liver and kidney of sodium nitrate (T1) group revealed granulomatous lesions in liver parenchyma consist of macrophages aggregation in liver parenchyma, as well as increase of apoptosis of hepatocytes characterized by disappearance of nuclei of hepatocyte cells, while * , . 0 @ B F t v z ͶxexQ@ h8? 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